Electric vehicles (EVs) are propelled by an electric motor (or motors) powered by rechargeable battery packs. Electric motors have several advantages over internal combustion engines (ICEs):

• Energy efficient. Electric motors convert 75% of the chemical energy from the batteries to power the wheel, whereas ICEs only convert 20% of the energy stored in gasoline.

 • Environmentally friendly. EVs emit no tailpipe pollutants, although the power plant producing the electricity may emit them.

• Performance benefits. Electric motors provide quiet, smooth operation and stronger acceleration and require less maintenance than ICEs.

• Reduce energy dependence. Electricity is a domestic energy source. Currently researchers are working on improved battery technologies to increase driving range and decrease recharging time, weight, and cost.